It requires high investment, but coastal cities willing to build grassroots refineries (or expand existing ones) with "heavy crude" processing capacity (more H2 production, deep hydrocracking/hydrotreating, sufur recovery units) can expect to make a lot of money in the coming years. Some could be built to just process the "atmospheric residue", allowing refineries in smaller markets to just skim off the light stuff before shipping the long residue.

HOG